The pluperfect subjunctive (pretérito pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo) is used after specific verbs and expressions of doubt, wishes, hopes, personal opinions or feelings. It expresses actions that took place before a specific past time or that would have taken place under different conditions.
Learn about the conjugation and usage of the pluperfect subjunctive in Spanish grammar with Lingolia’s grammar rules and exercises. See indicative tenses for information about pluperfect indicative and tense comparison for the difference between the indicative and subjunctive mood in Spanish grammar.
Example
Me extrañó mucho que me hubieras mandado una postal de la Cordillera Cantábrica. Probablemente, me hubiera encantado la visita a la región. ¿Te imaginas qué hubiéramos visto lobos ibéricos?
Si me lo hubieras dicho antes, habría ido contigo
Usage
The subjunctive is used after specific expressions of wishes, hopes doubt, feeling or personal opinion. We use the past perfect subjunctive in the following cases:
- in dependent clauses after certain expressions, when the subjunctive action had already taken place beforehand
- Example:
- Me extrañó mucho que me hubieras mandado una postal de la Cordillera Cantábrica.
- action that could/would have taken place in the past (but did not take place)
- Example:
- Probablemente, me hubiera encantado la visita a la región.
- ¿Te imaginas qué hubiéramos visto lobos ibéricos?
- in conditional clause type III si-clauses (unreal condition in the past)
-
- Example:
- Si me lo hubieras dicho antes, habría ido contigo.
Dependent Clauses
We can only use the past perfect subjunctive (pretérito pluscuamperfecto subjuntivo) in a dependent clause when the verb in the main clause is in one of the following tenses.person haber participle yo hubiera/hubiese habladoaprendidovividotú hubieras/hubieses él/ella/usted hubiera/hubiese nosotros/-as hubiéramos/hubiésemos vosotros/-as hubierais/hubieseis ellos/ellas/ustedes hubieran/hubiesen
Past Participle
We construct the past participle by removing the infinitive ending and adding the corresponding participle ending: -ado for -ar verbs or -ido for -er/-ir verbs.- Example:
- hablar - hablado
- aprender - aprendido
- vivir - vivido
Irregular past participles
Some verbs have irregular participle forms. The most important irregular participle forms are listed in the table below:verb past participle translation abrir abierto open decir dicho say escribir escrito write hacer hecho do/make imprimir impreso print morir muerto die poner puesto set/place ver visto see volver vuelto return
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